Essay on The Media Influence on Body Image - 925 Words

LITERATURE REVIEW Researchers have used various abstract foundations for examining the relationship between media and body image ( Holmstrom, 2004). Here I review the theory that has been used by researcher in the area. Bandura’s Social cognitive theory (1994) assumed that â€Å"people learn and model the behaviors of attractive others†. The supporters of this theory suggest that young women find slim models in the media attractive and try to imitate them through dieting which leads them to eating disorders. Body image refers to a person’s unique perception of his/her body. It is how we perceive ourselves, how we think we appear to others, and how we feel about our looks from â€Å"our own internal view† (cash, 1990b, p. 51).This internal view is†¦show more content†¦Advertisement also has a great impact on promoting the slim ideals among women. For example the advertisement campaign for Virginia Slims Cigarettes deliberately promoted the message that smoking could help a women become slimmer and hence not only sold cigarettes but also sold the slim ideal of women.(33) What are the effects of media on women’s physical appearance and body image? Emphasis in slenderness among women has contributed to the growth of the weight loss/dieting and cosmetics industries. (Cultivation and social comparison, p. 4). The pressure to conform has driven a growing number of teens to pursue permanent make-up, extensive dieting and cosmetic surgery (Martin and Kennedy, 1993). (Impact of media spokeswomen, p. 1) What are the different sources of media influencing the body image? Television and other media represent one of the most important influences on adolescents’ health and behavior (strasburger and donnerstein, 1999). (impact of media spokeswomen, p. 2) Researchers found out that the number of Female are exposed to supermodel-like images everyday via tv ,diet and exercise- related magazine advertisements and articles that affect their body image perceptions, purchasing behavior, and self confidence.(impact of media spokeswomen, p. 1) Why are women more concerned about their body weight loss and shape than men? Today, weShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Body Image1697 Words   |  7 Pages Ultra-thin models are plastered all over the media today, but have these influential sources thought of the negative outcomes that could change society forever? The notions represented by the media silently incline girls to conform to an ideal that is impossible to reach. Due to their malleable brains, adolescent females are subjected to the image of a perfect body through media’s adverse influence of what a quintessential girl is supposed to look like and the permanent impact it has onRead MoreMedia Influence on Body Image Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Influence on Body Image Media Influence on Body Image Everyone has a different view of what is beautiful. Why then can we not transfer that to how we view ourselves? Why can we not be happy with how we look? The simple answer is the media. They show images to millions of people of what they think beauty is. Those images affect society and they view themselves about how they look. Most of these images are unrealistic, and send unhealthy expectations to women on how they should look. ThisRead MoreThe Media s Influence On The Body Image804 Words   |  4 Pagesyou have seen? Media has photoshopped, airbrushed, and tweaked pictures and videos to appear as perfect! The media has made young women feel as if their bodies are not good enough. Young women are being convinced that if they do not look like the â€Å"perfect† women on television then they aren t good enough. Many negativities have resulted from what the media is portraying as the idealized body image; the body size of women portrayed in the media is noticeably getting smaller. The media will do everythingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image942 Words   |  4 PagesA body image is a subjective combination of all the thoughts, emotions, and judgments that an individual may perceive about his or her own body. Each individual has a unique perception of his or her own body. This image is strongly influenced and often times skewed due to the increasing pressure created from outside, societal factors. With a world that is continuously creating new forms of social media and entertainment, individuals are constantly exposed to images that supposedly define bodily perfectionRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Body Image722 Words   |  3 PagesMillions of women, day in day out, are bombarded with the media’s notion of the â€Å"ideal† female body. These impractical images are de picted within women’s magazines worldwide, sending out the message to women that they are not thin or pretty enough. Magazine companies spend billions of pounds yearly on diet and exercise advertisements to include in their magazines, having their readers buy into body dissatisfaction through unrealistic imagery of women, accompanied by dieting and exercise informationRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe perfect body image has changed in many ways. This is very evident in the female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women createsRead MoreMedia s Influence On Female Body Image967 Words   |  4 Pagesalways surrounded by a variety of media and we identify ourselves in parts of those images we see. Media believes women should look like Victoria Secret models: tall, lean, and tanned women, but lately there has been issue from women all over the world who are tired of having to be set at impossible types of female figures. Revolving around a certain type of body figure is horrible because bodies come in different shapes and sizes. The media has influenced the female body perception by showing that womenRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Body Image1414 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazinesRead MoreThe Influence of Media on Body Image, Thematic Analysis3507 Words   |  15 PagesSocial Psychology: The influence of media on body image, thematic analysis Word count: 2,100 The influence of Media on body image A Thematical analysis Abstract: Media is a powerful communicative tool, which can be said, is very easy to influence in many different ways. Although some aspects of media are important to bring to our attention, some other aspects, however, create an incredible amount of negative impact one of these which is body image. In order to identify this issue aRead MoreSocietal Expectations And Media Influences Of Body Image Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesExpectations and Media Influences of Body Image Numerous studies have been conducted on the various aspects of the impact and societal expectations held by north America and the impacts that it has on today’s youth. Body Image is a picture or mental image of your own body and how you view it.However, during my research process, there were very few sources that supported the media’s projection of body image. As we explore all the aspects of what body image really is and what impact may the media play in

Canada s Health Care System - 3104 Words

Introduction When health care is the case, the majority refers to Canada as a country with good health care. Canada might have free health care but this doesn’t mean that it serves its purpose without any flaws. As we all know some countries are well known all around the world for their health care system. Specifically talking about Canada’s health care system, there are many pros and cons that go with it. There are minor problems concerning health care, but for now we will talk about the major ones. What is obvious is that advantages of the health care system in Canada are more then the disadvantages. According to (Carol, 2011), Canada was ranked number 30th for best health care system out of 191 countries. It is a shame that neither†¦show more content†¦Waiting in the emergency line of the hospital is even worse. In some cases patients have to wait for more then 10 hours. This is ridiculous! When a patient goes to emergency, it is urgent and cannot wait. One of the reason s for this is that hospitals are packed, and this is a disadvantage of free health care. For example, what if a patients sickness get worse or God forbid the patient dies while waiting for treatment. Who is going to be responsible for this? The answer is simple, it will be the government. For example, Statistics Canada found that about one fifth of patients who visited a specialist, and about 11 per cent of those waiting for non-emergency surgery, were adversely affected by their wait. Many reported experiencing worry, stress, anxiety, pain, and difficulties with daily activities. (Barua, 2014). It is not easy to solve this problem, but somebody has to put their autrhoity on the table. One way to help with wait-times could be to work more organized. When we go to our local hospital there is just one emergency section, I think that there should be more emergency areas and each one should have different degree of urgency, even tough most hospitals have fast track areas to take care of non-urgent patients. So maybe the less severe in one area and the really crucial ones in another. Wait times is

Latino Americans in the Workplace Free Essays

Latino workers comprise a large sum of the population of workers in America. Particularly in Canada, as many as 244,400 individuals who are of Latin American origin live in Canada in 2001 (â€Å"The Latin American Community in Canada,† 2006). About 64% of adult Latin Americans in 2001 age 15 and above were employed and working, with 71% of these falling under the age category of 45 to 64 (â€Å"The Latin American Community in Canada,† 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Latino Americans in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Further Jorge Brea notes that the population of Latin Americans tripled between the mid 1900s to the early parts of 2000, with the service industry being the primary source of employment in many Latin American nations (Brea, 2003, p.4). These facts reveal the presumption that Latin Americans have a sizeable presence not only in the local workforce but also in international workforce such as those found in Canada. One significant instance with regard to the experiences of Latin American workers is after the time when hurricane Katrina shook America. Prior to the hurricane, approximately 3 percent of New Orleans is Latin Americans. After the hurricane, the population of Latin Americans in the region significantly increased, and most of these individuals sought employment in a city that direly needed the manpower to rebuild it (Agresta, 2006). One can thus have the idea that at least one part of the experiences of Latin American workers reflects the vision of Latin American laborers in a working environment which has the greatest possibility of churning out the most probabilities of landing a job while putting their lives at risk. Not even distance can hinder the Latin American worker from reaching fertile ground. For instance, approximately 435,500 Latin Americans adults live in Japan wherein 70% send money to their families back at home on a steady rate with an average of $600 (â€Å"Remittances to Latin America from Japan,† 2005). It has also been observed that Latin Americans have a strong attachment to their religion which is predominantly Catholic. This can be observed even among the workers, oftentimes carrying small images of Saints in their pockets or wallets, crosses hanging in their necklaces or bracelets, and small prayer pamphlets or booklets in their bags or tool kits just to name a few. It is apparent that the religious yet diverse cultures of Latin Americans largely influence the workplace roles, especially among workers and managers. Hence, potential managers should consider the cultural, religious, and financial backgrounds of Latin Americans in order to maximize their capabilities in the workplace. In essence, potential managers should observe several ‘do’s’ and ‘don’ts’ with regard to their consideration for their Latin American employees. One of the ‘do’s’ that the potential manager should most likely consider is to give ample space for the Latin American employees to exercise their religious beliefs. That is, managers should allow the observance of religious holidays and other religious events and practices so that the Latin American employees will not be hindered from fulfilling their religious duties. Hindering them from doing so is one of the ‘don’ts’ since it will most likely result to a form of religious intolerance wherein the employees are suppressed from exercising their religious obligations and, hence, restricting one of their fundamental rights. In its course, a number of these employees will most likely find ways to go around the religious restriction being imposed which may affect their performance and the growth of the organization. Further, potential managers should nevertheless carefully identify the religious holidays that might lower the performance of the organization. Managers ought to do a balancing act: permit the observance of certain religious holidays without having to sacrifice the performance of the organization or company. Likewise, managers ought to comprehend the fact that most Latino Americans work in companies far from their homes in order to earn a decent wage and provide ample sustenance to their families. Since this is usually the case, company managers should see to it that their Latin American employees are properly compensated while taking into account the financial capabilities of the organization to pay proper wages and other benefits. One way to achieve this is to carefully consider the suitable number of employees, especially Latino Americans, who will operate the essential functions within the organization with respect to the financial status of the company. Managers should also make the most use out of significant and reliable information available such as the most recent trends or patterns with regard to the rate of salaries and benefits and ensure a comparable rate to the Latino American employees. On the other hand, the manager should make it clear to prospective Latino American employees that there too are limitations on the financial capabilities of the company. This ensures that the labor of the employees will be compensated properly in compliance to the financial constraints present. Latin Americans are known to have a history of oppression from other people, a number of which are experienced in the workplace and in other financial institutions. These facts should serve as a reminder to the manager that Latin American workers may have the lingering impression of fear that their history of oppression from other people is not too far from being repeated elsewhere. While the natural response of these employees from the potential harms they may perceive is to stay on guard of their status in the company and the way their superiors treat them, managers should make certain that their Latin American employees are treated decently and professionally in such a way that the environment of the workplace exudes a friendly yet professional feeling. Managers can achieve this end by constantly interacting with the Latin American employees in the workplace, checking and ensuring that their tasks are efficiently met in a friendly yet professional tone. These are just a few of the things that managers should do and should not do in order to have a healthy group of Latino American employees working in the organization. Due importance must be realized and given to these people for the reason that they share a significant portion of the economic and organizational development of the country. Without Latin Americans in the workplace, the economy of the country in general will most likely be affected. This is perfectly exemplified in the movie â€Å"A Day without a Mexican† where the film emphasizes the significance of at least 11 million Latin Americans in California in terms of the various jobs across the region (â€Å"How Do You Make the Invisible, Visible? You Take It Away,† 2004.). The film highlights the absence of Latin Americans which lead to the depreciation in the cleanliness of the state as garbage mounts in the streets of California and in the economic devastation of the state. In both theory and practice, the theme of the film is highly probable. In general, it should be noted that there are crucial Latino American issues in the workplace all over the world. Across America alone, the numbers of issues are significantly present, and that these things pose an important challenge both to managers and potential managers. The delicate balance between the Latino American factors and the disposition of managers and potential managers spells the difference between an efficient and effective workplace and one that is bound to fail. References Brea, J. (2003). Population Dynamics in Latin America. Population Bulletin, 58(1), 3. â€Å"How Do You Make the Invisible, Visible? You Take It Away.†Ã‚   (2004).   ADWAM News. August 4, 2007. http://www.adaywithoutamexican.com/. Remittances to Latin America from Japan. (2005). Inter-American Development Bank Multilateral Investment Fund, 2.    How to cite Latino Americans in the Workplace, Essay examples

Dancing for Hope free essay sample

I am not a dancer, but I dance all the time. Frankly, I am not that good at it, but I do it everywhere, whether on the rooftops of Downtown Los Angeles or right in the middle of class. Call me crazy, but I just need to move my body. Music, beats, happiness, sadness the nostalgia brings me back a year ago, to the Union Rescue Mission. It was in Skid Row, the poorest part of Los Angeles. I had signed up for foot-washing, and I was armed and ready, with a hand towel and soap bucket, bracing myself for the hoard of Skid Rowians to come piling in. Literally hundreds of them were lined up outside. As they trickled in, I noticed their clothes: dirty, frayed, too big for their frail bodies. I guided each of them to the shoe station and they eagerly picked out their new shoes. Right about then, some 70s funk music started blasting from the loudspeakers. We will write a custom essay sample on Dancing for Hope or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The beat was contagious, and I felt the need yet again to get my feet moving. An old woman, draped in a pink shawl and an old-fashioned dress, came bounding in. She started grooving to the funk music, step by step around the stations, raising her arms, looking towards the sky, making her thick-rimmed glasses shine against the hot summer sun. I hesitated at first, but took her cue and began to dance myself, more or less looking like a dead chicken. A crowd had begun to gather around us, and the both of us were pushed towards the middle, dancing with each other. More and more people joined in and a collective succession of claps followed. As my eyes met hers, I couldnt help but smile. That was one moment, one instant, when all fear was lost, and all of us held on to the glimpse of hope that was ever-present in that sliver of time. These people have been stereotyped their whole lives, and society has beaten them down to nothingness. They, like too many others, are ashamed of being unconventional; they fear being judged. I did not know it, but I had not just danced with the woman. We had made a mutual acknowledgement of each others humanity, of the people we really were. Our dancing opened a door to the relief that comes with being ourselves. When I was honest with myself, I made room for others to be honest as well. I am not a dancer. But I dance to make a fool out of myself, to maybe somehow, some way, bring hope to those who need it and joy to those who have none.

The narrators role in Blood Brothers Essay Example

The narrators role in Blood Brothers Paper The narrators role in Blood Brothers is quite unusual. The convention of the narrator in most plays is such that they are usually brought on to introduce the next part of the play and then move offstage and the play continues. However, in Blood Brothers the narrator is a physical character and is on stage all of the time. At the beginning of the play the narrator says, So did y hear the story of the Johnston twins? This indicates that he is the storyteller. His presence at every scene thereafter shows that he is telling us about that part of the story. The narrator is on stage all the time, watching the characters and often lurking in the background, and this makes him seem a sinister and threatening character, which contrasts with other plays where the narrator is usually neutral. The narrator contributes to the dramtic effect in numrous ways. For instance let us look at the fact that the narrator enters at the side of the stage, and also at the fact that the narrator leaves and enters the stage at such times that it has an enormous impact upon the audinace;up to the extent that even when the narrator is not to be seen and is not there the audinace have this emotion in which they express that the narrator is omniscuent. For instance the play states the following The devils got your number this suggests that the narrator is becoming powerful, and the fact that he knows whats going on that he is all seeing. We will write a custom essay sample on The narrators role in Blood Brothers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The narrators role in Blood Brothers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The narrators role in Blood Brothers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fact the past is not going to let Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyonsgo that easily. Aswellas that we see that Russell is using many dramtic effects such as, he lays the scene just like the well known play Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare. In both plays we are told the ending by bthe narrator right at the start. For instance in the play BloodBrothers we see that the narrator states And did you never know how the Jhonstones died, straight away we are told that they shall die similarly we are also told this in Romeo and Julliet in which it says where civil blood makes civil hands unclean this again tells us that that they will die. Throughtout the play we see that the narrator gives this feeling as if he is some supenatural being. Another way in which the narratorgives a dramtic effect is of when he talks in direct speech to the audinace which makes them feel as if he is one of them, it feels as if they are apart of this thus keeping them informed, and in the know. Conversely the narrator is speaking in a Liverpuddlian accent this renforce the effect if making the audinace feel as if he is one of them and the fact that the same problem occurs in their city, and the it goes on in their day to day lives. We can also see the fact that the narrator is starting to be used as Russels mouth piece. We can tell of this because he is now protraying a message which will be fullfilled at the end of the play. The narrator is a vital piece of he play and a fundelmentle part of the dramatic effects of the play because without him the ethical message of the whole play would be in pieces. Theres a deal been sealed, a pact been born this line gives the feeling of prophecy , because itis stated by the narrator whio within the playgains some sort of jurisprudence authority which somehow gives it a prophetical effect. Let me take your to the fact that the words deal been sealed have been used in the context to protray a signing or an agreement ona contract. Let us look at the word deal in particular which has been used in such a manner that one cannot evade it without any understanding, and the fact that it is right at the point where none can misunderstand. this is in genral gives the emotion of the that no going back option and alos emphizes the fact that of religious belief by swearing on the bible. It authanticates the whole of the contract the whole deal it gives it the seal of approval. Allow me to take your attention to the born which has also used in such a manner that the audiance is taken back by it. The word born in this context brings about the sence of this evil being awakened and the fact the this immoral-being is on the rise. Happy are y cointent at last ? wiped what happened forgotten the past no one gets off without a price being paid. From this alone we see the emince power in the play and the fact the it contains powerful and destructive dramatic effects. This statement provides the effect the past has no forgotten them and the fact it is coming back to get them. Again this is said by the narrator who now is forming into Mrs Johnsons point onwards. We can also see that the Englished used within the play is far from standered English; but instead one could say theat it was urban,common,northern or colloquial English. This type of English is commonly used within that city and area,which is always spoken in the Liverpuddlian accent. This again is one of many dramtic effect used in the play to convey its moral message.

In what ways is Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, an example of modernist writing Essay Example

In what ways is Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, an example of modernist writing Essay Example In what ways is Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, an example of modernist writing Paper In what ways is Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, an example of modernist writing Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Love Song Of J alfred Prufrock TS Eliots poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufock is a manifestation of early modernist writing. Written in 1915, TS Eliot helped mould the ideology of modernist writing, through his use of language, creation of new rhythms and techniques, and presentation of images. Modernism itself came about as a result of experimentation and thus become the most influential literary movement of the early twentieth century. Themes of self reflection and focusing on the characters conscious and subconscious thoughts are prevalent throughout Love Song, helping shape forms of modernism. TS Eliot helped establish elements of modernist writing through his allusions to other works of literature, also creating new modern techniques in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock through grand use of language which served to mock the subject rather then praise it. Prufock is a variation on the dramatic monologue thus leading the way in modernism for a new, non-linear form of poetry. Modernist influences can be seen through TS Eliots utilization of language and form. TS Eliots use of irony is prevalent in the title of the poem itself, as we determine that The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufock is not a love poem but rather a depiction of a lonely, isolated figure who feels alienated from the society around him. The opening lines Let us go then, you and I/ When the evening is spread out through the sky signal the start of a traditional love poem, and emanate thoughts of romance. However, the following line like a patient etherized upon a table, contrasts with this feeling of romance and rather dampens the images of love. TS Eliot replaces the feeling of romance with an anaesthetized atmosphere devoid of emotion, utilizing the technique of bathos, where the form followed the trajectory of elevation followed by the let down of the comparison to the patient etherized. This use of bathos reinforces the modernist techniques employed by TS Eliot to portray the despondence of the character. There is no regular rhyme and TS Eliot also breaks through the barrier of using the rigid lyrics structure by utilizing prose which strives to be emotive and strong lyrics, but purposefully falls short. The detached nature of the poem has an ironic relationship with the traditon of lyric poetry, while alluding to appear to be lyric poetry, it undermines its true nature and content, which is best shown by the lines It is impossible to say what I just mean/ But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:/Would it have been worthwhile/ If one settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl/ And turning towards the window should say:/ That is not it at all/ That is not what I meant at all. The reoccurring themes of Prufocks alienation and isolation are imperative to the poems identification as a hallmark of modernist literature. The poem is set as a monologue and while the opening line refers to you and I, which may seem as a reference to the reader, it can be argued that Prufock is referring to different aspects of his own personality; one that urges him to take action, and the other which is refrained and socially awkward. Throughout the poem Prufocks insecurites are revealed. The lines And indeed, will there be time/ To wonder, Do I dare? And Do I Dare? Time to turn back and descend the stair, With a bald spot in the middle of my hair highlight the fear and insecurites felt by Prufock, as his fear overcomes him and he turns back instead of going into the party. The fact that he mentions his bald spot in the middle of my hair confirms his insecurities about his appearance and whether it will be the subject of gossip. It is pretty evident that Prufocks soul is tortur ed by the irrational insecurities and fears that his mind projects, although it can be said that it stems from his lack of confidence rather then by his own error. The fact that the poem portrays Prufocks inner demons rather then a love story again highlights the modernist aspect that TS Eliot incorporated within the poem. Prufocks inability to act uponmo his desires is prevalent throughout the poem and this paralysis to act is underlined by his lack of confidence and his desire to dwell on problems. This is highlighted by his questioning Would it have been worth it, after all. Prufocks agitated state of mind is conveyed through his constant questioning of himself, agonizing each decision, saying Do I dare? And Do I Dare? / Do I Dare/ Disturb the universe? Prufocks fragile nature can be easily juxtaposed with the fluent eloquent prose in lines such as And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully! / Smoothed by long fingers/ Asleep. tired. or it malingers/ Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me. TS Eliot employs another modernist literature technique through the number of references and allusions to other literary works, such as Hamlet in the line- No! I am not Prince Hamlet. Nor was meant to be and in the epigraph a direct reference to Dante Aligheiris Inferno. The epigraph of Dantes Inferno is utilized by TS Eliot to display the similarites between Prufock and the main protagonist in Inferno, incidentally another example of modernist techniques in the poem. Prufocks monologue of a tortured soul burdened by mental inadequacy and lack of self assertiveness can be compared to Guido La Montelferos pain and suffering in Inferno. The epigraph tells us in detail that Guido has been wrapped in a tall flame for his sins, which represents Prufocks own self inflicted punishment, through his inability to communicate and articulate his feelings. The lost soul described in Inferno strikes a chord with the alienated soul of Prufock, who feels that he is Scuttling across floors of silent seas. This feeling of Prufocks debasement to the floors of silent seas resonates with Guidos plight in the depths of hell, which helps the reader realize Prufock is slipping into the abyss of his own personal hell. Fragmentation is one of several modernist techniques employed by TS Eliot to communicate the sense of detachment felt by Prufock in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufock. Much of the fragmentation in Love Song is achieved by imagery such as Prufocks paranoia that womens eyes have him pinned and wriggling onto the wall. The use of fragmentation enables us to have a clearer insight into Prufocks mind, as his very thoughts are fragmented, as reflected by the lines Time to turn back and descend the stair/ With a bald spot in the middle of my hair-/ They will say-How his hair is growing thin! . The modernist utilization of fragmentation helps clarify that the poem itself is fractured and fragmented, starting with the opening epigraph of Inferno and ranging from the references to Shakespeare and to Prufocks own insecurities and thoughts. In conclusion, it can be said that TS Eliots Love Song of J Alfred Prufock is a leading early example of modernist literature. It contains all the hallmarks of the early modernist movement. At the time of its release, the literary techniques utilized by TS Eliot were considered to be innovative, experimental and breaking new ground. However, this avant-garde movement was greeted by much trepidation at the time, the London Times telling us that they have no relation to poetry 1. Critics such as M. L Rosenthal and Ann P. Brady have also commented on the underlying tone of sexuality in lines such as Should I after tea, cakes and ices, / Have the strength to force moment to its crisis, with Rosenthal suggesting that Prufock evidences a strongly adolescent flavour2. Overall, we can glean however that TS Eliot was successful in creating one of the first modernist literary works through his use of bathos, fragmentation, and anti-lyric techniques. The contrast between the poets fragile and troubled state of mind with the eloquence and grace of the prose employed by TS Eliot helps the poem to achieve this success, which allows the diverging poem to flow with ease.

Environmental Biotechnology (biological process) Essay

Environmental Biotechnology (biological process) - Essay Example Researchers, Mekonnen M Demeke and group, at the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leuven-Heverlee, and the Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB in Belgium modified the genetic makeup of yeast strains through yeast mating. They developed not one but three strains of super-yeast that had both D-xylose conversion ability and high tolerance to inhibitors. The main strain, Ethanol Red, already has successful industrial application and the fact that these three super-strains are derived from it goes on to show that there will be no limitations to their industrial applications for synthesis of biofuel. After screening 580 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strains, researchers identified a strain with the highest tolerance to inhibitors. It was mated with an industrial yeast strain GS1.11-26 (having the genetic background of Ethanol Red) that could ferment D-xylose. From the resultant hybrids, two strains (GSF335 and GSF767) were selected that had had high inhibitor tolerance as well as D-xylose conversion ability. Separately, a third super-strain was produced through meiotic recombination. The result – three super strains exhibiting â€Å"significantly improved tolerance to inhibitors in spruce hydrolysate, higher glucose consumption rates, higher aerobic growth rates and higher maximal ethanol accumulation capacity in very-high gravity fermentation, compared to GS1.11-26†. Simply put, these strains had better D-xylose conversion capacity and inhibitor tolerance compared to the primary strain. Engineering of traits for D-xylose conversion has been a very challenging proposition in industrial biotechnological research. Until now, methods such as evolutionary engineering and mutagenesis were attempted. However, researchers had little control over these processes. The development of yeast superstrain is thus a major breakthrough in this field. Further research on other such traits for the

ANIMAL SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ANIMAL SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS - Essay Example Animal experiments are considered very useful for the last centuries, whereby they are applied in physiological studies and processes. In fact, this contributes to development of new medical methods, though there are people opposing use of these experiments. These opponents have been giving reasons that scientists prioritize their experiments over animals. On the other hand, there are claims that animal experiments lacks transferability to man, thereby rendering the experiment using animals useless (Hackam & Redelmeier, 2006, 1731). In this case, these experiments are useless; thus, they cause unnecessary suffering to animals due to the curiosity of these scientists. There is an aspect of cruelty in animals’ experiments, though this applies to man if he undergoes the same procedure. Operative techniques and chance of using the anaesthesia was not adequate until the use of animal experiments. Therefore, discovery of anaesthesia has made a substantial contribution to medical field, whereby this has been facilitated to routine animal experiments. Animal experiments have been performed as way of serving consumer protection. Numerous experimental animals have been applied in countries like Germany in 2005 in order to identify a control of the toxicology testing procedures (Exner, 2007, 1). In fact, this entails tests conducted for drug tolerability and testing risk in environment due to industrial waste in water. Nevertheless, numerous animal experiments have been conducted legally through a prescription and a precondition in order to seek approval of some drugs and other substances that are used by human beings. There is a connection between the medical progress and the fundamental researches using animals’ experiments. For instance, various medical applications have been applied in through knowledge gathered from the researches that involve animal experiments such as development of methods for dealing with diabetes mellitus.

Proposal for the analytical report Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For the analytical report - Thesis Proposal Example Technology has revolutionized business activities especially sales and marketing. I will present a variety of smartphone options that the company’s sales and marketing department can use to ensure the achievement of company’s vision in sales. I will then do a comparison of the options gauging their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the objectives of the company. I will ultimately present my recommendation to the company suggesting the best option that it can settle that is relevant to the same objectives. The company is operating in a highly competitive environment where success involves an integration of many factors .The sales have been dwindling in the past couple of months owing to inadequate networking between the sales staff and the company’s product consumers. The high cost of advertising via the local media (radio and television) has made it virtually impossible to advertise these products adequately. The sales manager noted that the company started losing some of its customers to rival companies. He noted that this was not necessarily due to the competitors having better products but attributed this to the loss of personal touch between the company sales agents and the customers. The company realised that the figures they were getting from revenue sales were way less than the ones projected at the beginning of the financial year. The scope of the options that I chose for the report have features that will help address these concerns and hopefully provide even more ben efits. The company has a goal of further expansion of its network and it’s afraid this would not be possible with poor sales and without an effective system of communication. With this goal in mind, the company would like a recommendation of my report to suggest a good brand of smartphone that it can invest in for use in sales and

Medical Translation: Functionalist Approaches

Medical Translation: Functionalist Approaches Medical Translation: functionalist approaches Translation is used in every day life and is used in multiple fields of work. Translation is defined in the Collins Dictionary as a piece of writing or speech that has been translated into another action and as the act of translating something. The two definitions point to the two different ways translation is explained, the first as being the product produced by the translator and the second as the actual process of translation. The dictionary of Translation Studies additionally introduces sub types of translation such as literary translation, technical translation, subtitling and machine translation. . .interpreting (Hatim, Munday: 2004). The sub type I shall be discussing is medical translation. At every milestone, translation was the key to scientific progress as it unlocked for each successive inventor and discoverer the minds of predecessors who expressed their innovative thoughts in another language (Fischbach: Wright1993). Translation has been used since Hippocrates and Galen in Greek and was translated primarily into Latin and Arabic, Arabic especially in the Middle Ages. This spread knowledge to the Western world producing translations into Castilian and English. [1] Whilst medical translation shares many features with other sub types in that it involves adapting to cultural differences, using technological tools and communicating through linguistic barriers, this sub type has many specialties of its own. When translating a medical text, one must be careful to communicate the specific knowledge correctly. Factual complexity and accuracy becomes a main priority for the translator. Medical terminology, communicative situations (among specialists, in the mass media, in education, to patients, in campaigns and internationally), medical genres and medical ethics also influence the way in which translation is produced. I shall be focusing on functional approaches to translation, introducing Vermeers Skopostheorie, Reiss theory of text types and functional equivalence and lexical equivalence, applying them to the aspects of specific audiences, Latin based terms, medical English standardisations and medical texts. Functionalism is the broad term used for the many theories that approach translation using functionalist methods. It focuses on the importance of the function or functions of the target text rather than the linguistic equivalence to the source text. Texts are produced with a specific purpose or function in mind. The starting point for any translation is therefore not the linguistic surface structure of the ST, but the purpose of the TT (Nord: 1997). It also includes the notion of translation as communication. Translation is defined as a purposeful, transcultural activity whose linguistic form depends on the function or the purpose of the target text. Action, communication and cultural theories are included under the title of functionalism. Skopostheorie, translational action theory and Reiss and Vermeers general theory of translation will be discussed in further detail. The main theory within functionalist approaches is Skopostheorie, (Skopos meaning purpose in Greek) by Hans J. Vermeer. Vermeer believes that linguistics alone is not enough for translation as he believes not all problems can be solved solely through language abilities but that the prime principal determining any translation process is the purpose (Skopos) of the overall translational action (Vermeer: Nord1997). He understands translation as a human action and that all actions are intentional and purposeful behaviours. Any form of translational action, including therefore translation itself, may be conceived as an action, as the name implies. Any action has an aim, a purpose. [. . . ] The word Skopos, then, is a technical term for the aim or purpose of a translation (Vermeer1989). He also adds that these behaviours take place in situations which happen in cultures which consequently leads to the Skopostheorie being culture specific as Holz-Manttari explains in further detail. From this thought, Vermeer derives a general Skopos rule, which states: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way that enables your text/translation to function in a situation in which it is used and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. This rule is designed to solve dilemmas such as free vs. faithful translation or dynamic vs. formal equivalence. Another general rule mentioned which will be discussed again later is the coherence rule which concerns the target text must be coherent to allow the intended users to understand it in their situational circumstances. Another important factor of Skopostheorie is that of the addressee which is the receiver or the audience. The translation must be directed towards them, which is why purpose and the coherence rule are so important. *** Holz-Mantarris translational action theory goes further than the Vermeer in that she completely disregards the word translation, referring to it instead as message transmitters. She describes translation as a complex action designed to achieve a particular purpose. The purpose of this theory is to create the ability to send messages across culture and language barriers by experts (translators). She also highlights the actional aspects of the translation process such as the translator, initiator, message receiver and the situational conditions in which the action (of translation) takes place. She calls this intercultural cooperation. The audience, as mentioned before, is one of the most important factors in Skopostheorie. Medic al translation requires the translator to be faithful to the client as well as the source text*** In the medical field, there are two main types of audiences: the lay audience and the expert audience. Often, when translating medical technical terms, which is very common and can cause problems, terms can be changed or borrowed in order to make sense in the target culture. Because Latin was once the lingua franca of medicine and Greek was the original language of medical text, there still exists today a great amount of Latin and Greek based words and the use of Latin and Greek suffixes and prefixes. This topic has proved difficult for translators as it challenges the Skopostheorie in that linguistic equivalence is not necessary. We see here that this is not always the case. The use of Latin words is extremely common in English; words such as pneumonia and appendicitis are very common amongst both types of audiences. When translating into romance languages and even into Germanic languages, the word tends to be equivalent to that of the English with minor spelling changes: English Spanish  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   German Pneumonia Neumonia Pneumonie Appendicitis Apendicitis Appendizitis However, in some countries such as Germany and Denmark, Latin continues to act as the lingua franca in medicine and therefore is not understood by the lay audience. They are replaced by more popularized terms in order to reach out to a larger audience: German Danish Expert:   appendizitis expert: Appendicitis Non- expert: Blinddarmentzundung non-expert: blindtarmsbetoendelse Expert: Pneumonie expert: pneumoni Non- expert: Lungenentzundung non- expert: lungebetoendelse [1] Hippocrates, known as the Father of Medicine, was known for his medical knowledge which Galen and Perganum expanded 400 years after. The numerous articles of Hippocrates and Galen gave way to the need of medical translation. Aulus Cornelius Celsus, otherwise known as Cicero, was the first to translate the Greek works and terms into Latin in the first century AD. With the rise of Islam in the seventh century, and the establishment of medical schools in the major cities such as Baghdad and Damascus created the need for translation of Greek medical works into Arabic. By the Middle Ages, translation from Arabic to Latin saw the spreading of information to the Western world and Christian Europe and with the colonisation of the New World and the discovering of new drugs, translations into Castilian and English were produced in the sixteenth century (Fischbach: Wright1993). In the Renaissance, Latin was the Lingua Franca creating translations between Latin and vernacular languages and b etween vernacular languages themselves (Montalt and Davies, 2007). Bill T Jones | Choreography Analysis Bill T Jones | Choreography Analysis Bill T. Jones is a startling choreographer with an exhilarating presence and charisma. His compilation of Solos includes Tea for Two, Ionization, and Chaconne. All different from each other are depictions of Jones emotions and body movements to their extremes. Giving a brief explanation to each, Tea for Two is a depiction of emotions like desire and love, while Ionization has an extreme involvement of strong music, movement, and expressions which depict violence, and finally, Chaconne is a flickering performance that displays the involvement of artistic techniques and music insinuating a certain story, or feeling. This paper is an outlook of Jones work, especially in these performances, and how each performance is an artistic representation of a certain theme. The classical song Tea for Two is what Bill T. Jones performance is based upon. It is a solo which he presents twice; once on the stairs, and next in a studio. On the other hand, as a spectator I have realized that differences in the setting may lead to a vast distinction between two performances. Firstly, Tea for Two: On the Stairs. The performance is a depiction of love, freewill, and desire. I have felt that Jones performs with his full fervor on the streets out to celebrate. Also, the lyrics sung by Blossom Dearie speak for themselves as the dancer is blissful and content about the house created for him and his lover away from the busy life of the city. As a spectator, I have felt that it is a romantic ballad dance where Jones is conveying to his audience that he is happy regarding being alone with his loved one with no one to bother them enabling them to have tea for two and enjoying it without any interruption. Also, I have realized that Jones free style of dancing reflects his freedom and peacefulness. The daylight tends to capture the essence of love and happiness, while his facial expressions are of a happy man content with his living and life. In this dance sequence, the space is fully utilized with no sets, or props to disturb the concept of freedom he is trying to convey to the audience. A very natural and clean performance, which shows what little happiness in life, along with a loved one, can do to a human being. Furthermore, moving on to Tea for Two: In the Studio. Although Jones had performed the piece twice on the same music, the difference in the setting gave the dance another feeling. I felt that Jones is not performing with the same essence, or power. Also, I believe that his performance in the studio constrained him; impeded him from moving freely, unlike his performance on the stairs where you could feel the positive energy shimmering from every movement and line Jones had made. Moreover, Do you think Ill make a soldier, every round goes higher and higher, do you want to have your freedom? are the words of Bill T. Jones which he added after his performance to the piece in the studio. To me, this altered the mood after watching the performance as Jones left the audience in deep thoughts; also, as a spectator, I did not fully understand the intention of such a quote; however, it could be that Jones is doubtful while referring to himself as a soldier, and questionable regarding acquiring his freedom as he pictures it with his loved one. Moving on to another spectacular piece by Bill T. Jones entitled Ionization. Ionization is a piece choreographed to a classic music composition by Edgar Varese, and this dance piece is an excellent synchronization of different instruments with the moves of the body. Also, as a spectator, the dance is an ionization of the human body to different beats in life and is also built on the premise of how a body moves to the most sensitive distinctions of various kinds of percussive sounds. Different instruments such as the bass and the drums are a pleasure to hear when synchronized to the soft and soothing sounds of the piano and the saxophone. Also, as a spectator, I was awakened with the African like beats, as well as, beats similar to the roaring of a lion and sirens allowing Jones to shift within the space using stronger movements according to the beat of the instruments. Furthermore, I consider this solo performance by Jones very much attention grabbing as the way he communicated with his audience through his facial expressions was outstanding; also, the way he switched swiftly from one expression to another, yet having full control to make such switches apparent was expertly done. Moreover, violence could be seen gradually in the performance from the beginning to the end from his sharp stomp like movements to his facial expressions with accordance to the music played. However, although Jones performance fully caught my attention, the music he chose for such a sequence was somehow dominating making me focus in certain parts with the music played rather than Jones while performing. Additionally, Chaconne is framed around spoken text and the music of Bachs D-Minor Partita for Solo Violin. This solo performance accompanied by Bachs D Minor Partita could be about Jones personal memories accompanied by the appearance of written text on screen about a close friend of him, or it could be dedicated to his mother. Moreover, I believe that the text is directly related to the sad and painful moves of Jones in the dance sequence. Also, the text helped me as a spectator understand the mood of the performer and comprehend the purpose of the dance sequence as it felt that Jones was somehow impersonating the person in agony, or remembering how she felt during her instant of pain, especially during the part while he was on the floor with his hand forming a heart like shape and the text appearing. Furthermore, the music, which is entirely a mix of violins, added to the softness of the performance. Although there is a huge difference between Jones four performances, I have liked Chaconne the most as I have felt that it reflects certain hidden emotions within him which he is able to only reflect through dance and hidden speech. Last but not least, it is difficult to compare between two profound choreographers such as Bill T. Jones and Merce Cunningham; however, I have admired Jones style most as to me he managed to portray original contemporary dancing and choreography. Although Merce Cunningham is a pioneer in contemporary dancing, and I am not a guru in such a field to fully express my opinion; however, that is what I have realized after watching several pieces by both choreographers. Bill T. Jones is an exquisite performer and choreographer who is able to grab hold of his audiences attention from the moment he starts dancing. Also, his ability to establish choreography with clear messages sent is an attribute which I find significant. Bill T. Jones is truly proficient in his field of expertise, and really has the ability to keep his audience engaged wherever and whenever he performs.

internment camp :: essays research papers

well. I have realize that the people and government that maintain, cleanse, and protect the social fabric of America is a great one. But the social fabric of America is not as clean as we like to think it is. As a matter of fact the fabric has been stain quite a few times actually, and not with the type of stains that can be simply remove. But the kind of stains that take years of steam cleaning and chemical treatment to restore to its original condition. In this case, the stains I am referring to is regarding the internment of Japanese Americans and the long restoration period it took for Japanese Americans to restore their lives physically and mentally. John Locke was an advocator of three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. The Japanese who were detain lost all of these, including life. When I mean life I don’t mean being executed, but when you lose your liberty and property based on your ancestry; your whole life has been basically stripped away from you, so what is life then? A long history of Anti-Japanese sentiments fueled by economic competition and racial stereotypes propel the frontrunner(in my opinion) of this unconstitutional act, General DeWitt, to make it a personal quest of sort to assure a forced exodus of Japanese American into internment camps, ran by the WRA. The decision of internment was implemented towards Japanese Americans living on the west coast in 1942 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Claims of Japanese soldier being aid by Japanese American to help plan the attack on pearl harbor caused concern for the general public. The fingers of dead Japanese's soldiers were allege to have worn class rings from Hawaii university. But what made matter was when many influential news and media sources failed to investigate these claims of Japanese American sabotages against the united states. the media didn’t take time to check questionable evidence of regarding these claims. The majority of the media were being bias by leading public opinion polls against Japanese's Americans instead of presenting evidence. Few journalists have claim there was no differences between u.s citizens of Japanese ancestry and the Japanese citizens who attack pearl harbor. A popular slogan for the journalist who felt this way was â€Å" A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched. So a Japanese -American grows up to be a Japanese not an American.

Saatchi Nine

Saatchi Gallery is now hosting an Art Showdown, which is an online competitive event that allows artists to upload images of their work and make them available to an online voting audience. Those who would like to enter must be registered members of Saatchi online or of the Stuart Artist group. However, registration is easy, free, and readily available on the site. Once registered, Showdown accepts one image from each artist every period beginning on Monday at 9 a. m. until the following Sunday evening at 6 p. m. —a one-week period. During the time the work is uploaded to the site, all visitors will be free to view and vote on the quality of the work. Each visitor is permitted only one vote for each work, but may vote on as many works as is preferred. The voting is done on a scale of one (1) to ten (10). Once the scores are tallied for the first week in each period, the two artists with the highest scores are given the chance to compete against each other for additional votes for the period of another week. These two remaining artists go head to head, vying for a chance to enter for the final prize of   1000. The competition continues for twelve rounds, after each of which, one winner is selected. The final knock out round has the twelve finalists going head to head in a bid for the ?1000 prize, yet Saatchi’s support does not end there. This coveted prize will not be the only benefit of the competition, as the runner up is also granted the sum of ?750. And even further benefits exist, as all the artists who enter gain the exposure that comes with having your work viewed on the site that welcomes thousands of visitors on a regular basis. Street Art The Saatchi Art Gallery caters to artists of all kinds, and evidence of this exists in its commitment to the work of street artists. The gallery accepts work from a wide range of non-traditional artists, such as tattoo and graffiti artists, mural painters, performers, and others who discover unknown or unrecognized pieces. Saatchi allows these artists to upload their work in the form of photos or even videos—any or all the methods that capture the true essence of the meaning and conceptualization they would like to convey. The use of the video-upload feature is particularly convenient for performing artists, who are also encouraged to promote their work on the Saatchi Gallery Site. This features is open even to street dancers, many of whom the gallery recognises as having attained a remarkable level of proficiency at their art despite the lack of formal training. Artists ready to upload are encouraged to register on the site for a free membership, which gives them all the privileges that Saatchi members worldwide possess. However, those who prefer to are also allowed to register as visitors and still gain the benefit of having their works displayed on the international artistic website. When art files are uploaded, visitors to the site are able not only to view the works, but also to select their ten favourites, which are ultimately showcased in a special area on the site. The exposure that this Saatchi Gallery facility affords to young street artists is immeasurable, as the gallery makes these works available to millions of viewers around the world. This considerably broadens the artistic scope of these street artists and ultimately brightens their prospects. Photography The Saatchi Gallery’s artistic versatility dictates its open attitude toward art, and this attitude is present in its welcoming posture toward the work of photographers around the world. The gallery opens its doors to photographers who have been widely unrecognised in their circles and provides a source of promotion and exposure to these young, talented persons. This offer is inclusive of photo artists from countries all around the world. At Saatchi Online, artistic photographers are encouraged to upload their photographs and place them on display for the millions of potential art enthusiasts on the internet. Images must be uploaded as jpg files and the sizes of these files should be below 2MB. This opportunity given free of charge by Saatchi not only allows these photographers to increase their standing as renowned artists, but it also allows them to enter into the professional artistic realm by making (or arranging for) commission-free online sales. Photographers are also free to create their own profile package online. Therefore, not only do viewers and potential buyers get the chance to review a wide range of their works (as many as eight pieces are accepted), but they are also able to offer the public significant information about themselves and their art. In addition to the services mentioned, Saatchi also allows the photographers to get messages from those interested in their art—such as viewers, fellow photographers, and even potential buyers. Therefore, this improves the artists’ ability to network in this scene where fellow artists, a potential source of inspiration, may be difficult to find. The Saatchi service to photographers may therefore be considered an ultimate method of artist promotion. Museum Saatchi Gallery represents the one of the world’s most modern museums of art and is a refreshing addition as one that was made specifically for those who enjoy art in all its styles and types. It caters to the desires and needs of a wide range of art lovers, from students needing to be exposed to the different genres represented in art to young artists needing a place to exhibit their work. It aids in the development of young talent and deepens (formal and informal) students’ appreciation of the contemporary aesthetic depicted in the work and ideologies of contemporary artists. Yet, the museum also extends its influence and aid into the realm of non-traditional art, such as fashion designing and the performing arts. In fact, these artists are supported not just in procuring them an audience for their work, but also in facilitating the purchase of art pieces via the Saatchi interface, which eliminates the middle-man and renders the compensation over to the appropriate artist commission free. The resources available on the Saatchi website are many, as it houses the Stuart Museum that is specifically designated for student artists or recent graduates as a place where they are free to upload their work for public viewing, critiquing, and feedback. Saatchi Gallery’s gift to the artistic public is valuable in that it offers a new generation of artists and art lovers access to the cutting edge of creativity. However, it allows for the personal and professional growth of the young artist too, by giving them the opportunity to interact with the public in colloquy, conference, as well as business settings. Therefore, through the resources provided by this gallery, students become more cultured in their exposure to contemporary art, and young creative people gain valuable, professional skills that will last them a lifetime. Colleges and universities will find the Saatchi Gallery a very valuable resource to boost the appreciation and renown of their art, fashion and performing arts departments. Saatchi caters to these institutions on an international scale, and provides them the impetus and exposure they need in order to present their departments to the public as a progressive arm of the institution. The Saatchi Gallery caters specifically to the effort to market these institutions by welcoming posts and sample work from the students and faculty, allowing these parties to showcase their work on the internationally recognised website. Representatives of each university are empowered to upload material in the form of photos, videos or scanned art work to the site as a method of drawing attention to the abilities of their students and the expertise of the faculty that grooms them. On the Saatchi Gallery website, colleges and universities have the freedom to highlight the achievements of their faculty members as well as the unique talents of their students. Yet they may also offer descriptions of their artistic programs, give information about their institutions’ location, and even provide links to their websites. The gallery is a supreme marketing tool because it provides a hub to which thousands of prospective students (and other persons interested in art) come to do research and locate educational institutions in which they may be groomed in the arts. It also provides critics with a method of gauging the artistic talents of a wide range of students without the need to travel, and therefore may afford your institution the recognition it would not otherwise have had. It also gives colleges and universities the chance of being recognised in an international gallery without incurring any expenses—as registration on the Saatchi Gallery’s site is always free of charge. Gallery The Saatchi Gallery is an international collection of the works by artists ranging from amateur to professional levels, and it is an indispensable resource both to the user who is serious about the study of art and to the casual art lover. To the serious student of the arts, it provides a wealth of information about contemporary art techniques, artists, and the direction in which art is and has been moving. The gallery hosts the work of hundreds of artists in and around the United Kingdom as well as across the world. It especially caters to the works of new artists and of those seasoned artists whose works have gained little or no attention in the past, providing insight into their techniques and inspirations. Ultimately, as a result of their exhibition of their work in the Saatchi Gallery, many of these new artists are offered the opportunity to conduct showings in galleries locally or internationally. The gallery’s new home, located at (PLACE ADDRESS HERE) is of a stylish and modern architectural design that heralds the museum-quality work of the artists hosted within. This twenty-year-old gallery has grown over the years to accommodate approximately 600,000 annual visitors and 1000 annual school visits. It collaborates with the media to facilitate and host a wide variety of shows that put even more effort into showcasing the work of these talented artists. These shows have benefited from the input of such media houses as The Evening Standard, The Observer, and Time Out. This has led to a vast increase in the viewing audience in Britain, around Europe, and even to increases in international visits. This is the kind of public awareness for which Saatchi regularly campaigns on behalf of the artists whose works are hosted within the gallery. It represents a truly contemporary, businesslike, and professional approach to art promotion that brings artists and viewers together in a productive fashion. Galleries The resource that the Saatchi Gallery provides to other art galleries around the world is invaluable. To those who own galleries and are highly interested in the contemporary art scene, the Saatchi Gallery provides the exposure and the information necessary to create and maintain a high profile gallery. Rather than compete with galleries around the world, Saatchi collaborates with them to provide them with international recognition on the global art market. The gallery allows other gallery directors to provide information about their art shop on the Saatchi website and also to provide links to their galleries via the Saatchi website. Since Saatchi caters to a growing international viewing audience of potentially millions of persons, all those viewers immediately become potential clients of the galleries that choose to be hosted on the Saatchi site. Saatchi hosts links to the most prestigious galleries around the world, and facilitates the creation of sub-galleries for schools, colleges, and other artistic institutions. In fact, it caters to a wide variety of schools (primary to university level) and to the public at large, so that its collection is the largest available on the internet. Being a gallery itself, Saatchi also hosts the works of individual artists. The Stuart Museum, for instance, is a gallery hosted under the aegis of the Saatchi brand, which houses the work of students and recent graduates of artistic colleges and universities. Plus, Saatchi takes it one step further than brick-and-mortar art galleries by allowing artists to sell their work online free of commission. The gallery is therefore a large and all-inclusive contemporary art hub that provides the viewing public with a link to the widest variety of art and art galleries that currently exists on the internet. Chat Live Interaction becomes easier now on the Saatchi Gallery website, as the site’s interface allows for real-time conversation between artists and their viewers. Saatchi uses an instant messaging feature that facilitates interaction between art lovers and their favourite artists through its Chat Live feature, and this occurs in a manner that encourages the artistic collaboration of the art community. Artists from a variety of backgrounds and even in different nations can meet one-on-one with those persons who appreciate their work and gain live feedback and critiques of their art. The Chat Live feature also allows for discussion of artistic themes that have the potential to lead to a deeper public understanding of the concepts embedded within the works of art displayed in the Saatchi online gallery. Saatchi even allows group chats, and access to the chat feature and chat rooms can be obtained via a very brief registration formality accessible at http://www. aatchi-gallery. co. uk/chatlive/. This Chat Live feature is useful beyond its ability to bring art lovers together for leisure and collaborative purposes. It also presents a valuable marketing tool to those persons who want to gain direct and specific feedback concerning the interests of real people who love and follow art. Representatives of galleries and museums may register or sign in as guests to gain access to the ideas a nd suggestions of the large viewing and membership audience on the Saatchi website. They may also use the resource to plan and promote artistic events. Members of the press or other interested persons may also sign in to conduct formal or informal interviews of artists in an effort to promote the love and continued creation of art as a whole. The endless possibilities that exist with this invaluable Chat Live tool made available on the Saatchi website will no doubt facilitate the production of beautiful art for future generations. Portfolio The Saatchi Gallery online portfolio is a special resource provided to schools at the primary and high levels that are interested in boosting the confidence and promoting the talents of their artistically inclined students. The art teacher or the school’s artistic representative is given the opportunity to create detailed profiles for their schools and thereby to promote the artistic endeavours of the school as evidence of the school’s diverse educational curriculum. Along with the school’s profile, the portfolio allows institution representatives to call attention to the work of its talented students by uploading samples of these works along with biographical profiles of the students responsible for the pieces. The institutions are also encouraged to upload notices and descriptions of upcoming and past artistic events that demonstrate the school’s commitment to the arts. The Saatchi Portfolio is therefore a strong marketing tool that promotes the educational institution on a grand artistic scale. However, the Saatchi Gallery goes further to promote and encourage the talent of these young and promising artists. It puts on regular competitions that generate prizes of great value to the future career of these individuals. Winners and runners up are given cash for use in purchasing art supplies, including computers, to enhance their potential as artists. The winning schools are also given monetary compensation to be used to equip their art departments, making them more conducive to the learning and practice of art. The Saatchi portfolio resource is performed as a community service gesture whose purpose is to return benefits to the institutions that gave many successful artists support in the past. The Portfolio also exists to secure the future of art by encouraging the youth in artistic endeavours.

Comparing the Mauryn and Han Dynasties essays

Comparing the Mauryn and Han Dynasties essays When comparing The Han Dynasty(China) with The Mauryan Empire(India), you can see similarities very clearly, but under those, distinct differences can be found. Politics in each culture resemble each other in many ways. The two empires have a sort of checks and balance system. No one ruler controls solely over the empire, but the two kingdoms are divided into provinces ruled by governors. This is a very clear point in comparing the two, but in another way, it can be a point of contrast. Even though the two political systems resemble, the Hans made notable advancements with their selecting public officials on merit and not by birth. The Mauryan offices were hereditary. Even when the Hans and the Mauryans have a sign of resemblance, each culture has their spin on the subject. In both empires, there are definite classes formed in the social systems. The Mauryans had a strict social scale, in which you were born on, while the Han dynasty seemed to be a little more relaxed in their social scale. In India, the Caste System set the status of the people. This system kept people in their place, and movement up and down the scale was extremely uncommon. In China, the top of their social scale ruled the bottom, much like in India. The top bullied the bottom around, although, in India, people wanted nothing to do with the "untouchables"(bottom of the caste system). Both empires drew lines between social statuses, but they differed in how strong the lines were. Farming and taxes on land seemed to serve as the base for both the Han Dynasty's and the Mauryan Empire's economy. The peasantry who did not own land was forced to become landless farmers. They paid rent for a living, and they worked someone else's land. In the Han dynasty, powerful clans raised armies and bullied small farmers into becoming tenant farmers (landless farmers). Trade affected both empires, but the Han government moved more cautiously into the trading system, while India ...

The King is Dead. Long Live the King!

The King is Dead. Long Live the King! The King is Dead. Long Live the King! The King is Dead. Long Live the King! By Maeve Maddox A reader is puzzled by an expression: This is regarding the proverb The *Something* is Dead. Long Live *Something*. Ive seen it being used in various contexts where *Something* is replaced by wordssuch as Internet, Article etc. Could you please elaborate on it, as I have been unable to find any reference to it. The reader is not a native English speaker, but there may be native speakers who use the expression without being aware of its origin. The expression derives from the announcement that follows the death of a monarch. My first encounter with it came when I read Twain’s The Prince and the Pauper: The King is dead. Long live the King! The first King refers to the deceased ruler; the second King refers to his successor. When King George VI of England died in 1952, the announcement was: The King is dead. Long live the Queen! The expression has been adapted by headline writers to convey the idea that something old has been replaced by something new. Here are two examples from the Web: The ATM is Dead. Long Live the ATM! The article that follows is about the decline in the use of cash that is making the old type of ATM obsolete. It describes new functions being added to ATMs to enable them to provide services other than cash delivery. The Euro is Dead – Long Live the Swissy The article that follows reports the fact that the Swiss government has freed their national currency to rise in value above the euro. Swissy refers to the Swiss franc. When used in contexts other than the passing of a monarch, the â€Å"Long Live† expression means that something has been updated or replaced. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOne Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .Comma After Introductory Phrases

Questions on Western Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions on Western Heritage - Essay Example The Greco-Roman culture was restored and the period saw transformations in many areas such as the growth of city-states, mastery of arts, secularism and emphasis on the individual. There was also use of slaves, strengthening of papacy, and intellectual growth based on study of classical literary works of Greece and Rome (Spielvogel, 347- 352). Q2: How events or developments in Renaissance mark a break or departure from the key characteristics of middle Ages. The middle Ages were characterized by lack of classical culture and were the period 1000yrs between the end of Roman Empire and the new era of renaissance. The developments in renaissance marked a breakaway from the characteristics of the middle ages in that it emphasized on individuality, secularism and revival of antiquity. The middle Ages were characterized by many problems such as political disorder, economic recession and Black Death. During renaissance, the economy was recovering hence the growth of trade and increased weal th for merchants. As a result, there was need for cheap labor in form of slaves hence the emergence of slave trade. During middle ages, slaves were used in agricultural activities and slavery had declined but during Renaissance, slaves were skilled workers for making handcraft goods or as nursemaids and playboys (Spielvogel, 345). Due to economic recovery and increased wealth, the Italians reverted to secularism instead of Christian moral principles which were emphasized during middle ages (Spielvogel, 341). Morality was abandoned as basis for analysis of political activity; therefore, a ruler could break the rules and do wrong if necessary. According to Machiavelli, a leader was supposed to secure allies and win wars by force or fraud. The Catholic Church was also broken down to protestant churches due to the spirit of secularism which brought about corruption in the church. Another event that marked departure from Middle Ages was the intellectual renaissance. The antiques of the G reeks and Romans were revived and used in study of humanity. Individuals were seen as possessing abilities which they could utilize for perfecting their art. The individual was viewed as â€Å"a universal person capable of achieving in many areas of life’ (Spielvogel, 341). Individuals were thus taught using literary works of the Greece and Rome and were engaged in various occupations instead of relying on the clergy. Q3: What was humanism? How does it reflect this new spirit of Renaissance? Spielvogel defines humanism as â€Å"an intellectual movement based on the study of classical literary works of Greece and Rome† (p. 352). The materials studied and taught in schools as humanities include: grammar, poetry, ethics, and history. Besides teaching, other humanists were involved in other occupations such as secretaries in city-states. The humanist movement is credited with the development of renaissance in the 14th century. Humanism reflects the new spirit of Renaissan ce through the ideas of humanists such as Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444) who uses Cicero as an inspiration for an ideal Renaissance. The spirit of Renaissance is reflected in the way individuals are encouraged to participate in the life of the state. He emphasized that intellectuals should live active lives for the sake of

Nutrition assessment in older adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nutrition assessment in older adults - Essay Example s defined as â€Å"faulty or inadequate nutritional status; undernouishment characterized by insufficient dietary intake; poor appetite, muscle wasting and weight loss† (Chen et al, 2001: 131). Malnutrition in the elderly can lead to disability, functional dependency, higher morbidity, mortality, immune dysfunction, greater demand for health care resources and reduced quality of life. Among hospitalized older adults there is also delayed recovery and increased complications (McCall & Cotton, 2001: 137). According to The National Service Framework for Older People in England and Wales, nutrition risk screening or assessment tools help to identify those with nutritional concerns, in order to develop appropriate nutrition care plans (DoH, 2001: 54). Without adequate interventions, malnutrition can cause a steady decline in the well-being, quality of life and life-expectancy of elderly individuals. The Research Statement: This paper proposes to study the requirement for nutritional assessment among older adults, compare and contrast two nutritional assessment strategies: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA); and evaluate how a nurse may utilise these tools to assess elderly patients. The lack of formalised and consistent nutritional assessment for older adults, along with the need to improve nursing knowledge has been recognized by the Senior Nurse and Midwifery Advisory Council (SNMAC 2001) in its audit of standards for older people (Bailey, 2006: 20). The author found from research that few nursing staff had received formal training in the specific nutritional needs of older people, and there was a lack of assessment and planned care. The need for systematic screening is emphasized because of compelling evidence that malnourishment is neither fully recognized nor treated in hospitals. Treating malnutrition can improve outcomes for hospitalized and unwell elderly individuals. Malnutrition and its debilitating outcomes

Documenteries report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Documenteries report - Essay Example me Shelter’ is presented in a riveting manner that shows the plight of women who have got pregnant while still at their homes and not married and the humiliation and rejection that they always meet at these families. It gives n insight of what can be done to these ladies who get pregnant in order to make them feel as parts of the communities that they are in (Rolling Stones, 1971). Through a lot of drama, the film shows how ladies often get rejected by their parents especially their mothers when they get pregnant and the tribulations they go through by the mere fact of their pregnancy. The question that these ladies usually meet includes the matter of whether to retain the babies or alternatively procure abortion in the midst of such kind of competing forces and rejection. Even after being involved in an accident and being admitted in hospital and subsequently being sheltered by the church, the tribulations of the Apple do not cease as her mother still pursues her while initially she seemed to have rejected her. Through the tribulation of pregnancy of Apple and other occurrences that occur to her life, we can easily see how a society can at times be unfair to those that are hitherto vulnerable in all aspects. For example, Apple is involved in a car crash at one point in her life, the doors to the shelters are at times locked, families that are unsupportive as well as social workers who fail to understand her predicament of nursing injuries and a pregnancy that has been rejected by her family. The film ‘Gimme Shelter’ therefore has the purpose of highlighting the plight of young girls who get pregnant and are in need of shelter after being rejected by their families and is not merely propaganda or mythology. Aside from showing the plight o f rejected pregnant girls and their quest for acceptance by the society, the film also she violence, shows the suffering suffered the violence, rape and the other forms of suffering that impede them from self actualization.

‘The Bloody Chamber, the characters and elements of gothic Essay Example for Free

‘The Bloody Chamber, the characters and elements of gothic Essay The genre of gothic literature contains both elements of horror and romance, with an innocent female, a powerful male (usually the quintessential villain), as well as themes to do with the supernatural as key features included in the novel. In this chapter, elements of the gothic begin in the very title of the book: the ‘bloody’ in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ associates the idea of death and gore, a more horrific element of the gothic genre; the ‘Chamber’ itself now sounds more claustrophobic and similar to a torture chamber, due to the link to blood. However, blood can be interpreted in different ways throughout the extract, even in a romantic way in this example: ‘the wedding dress†¦wrapped up in†¦red ribbon’. Juxtaposing the red of the ribbon with the white of the dress (which symbolises innocence) could represent the staining of virgin blood on a pure dress, or scarring of one’s purity with blood, to represent taking somebody’s identity with them – the person who took her virginity is the one she’ll belong to for the rest of her life. Not only is there a presence of a pure and desirable female (‘the wedding dress he’d bought me’ – hinting at the fact he wants her and he shall buy her this wedding dress and her mother a dress so as to encourage her to marry him), who is dominated by a male (he bought her the dress, instead of letting her choose the design†¦a controlling character), but the fact there is a transition from everyday life to something bigger is also a major element of the gothic genre. Transition at the very beginning of the novel is also illustrated in another gothic novel Dracula (when Harker is travelling to Transsylvania to Count Dracula’s castle). The female character is travelling from her home, ‘the narrow bedroom (she) had left behind forever’ into ‘the unguessable country of marriage’. This brings forward a sense of excitement and uncertainty as to whether marriage will live up to her expectations or worsen her intentions of getting away from poverty – whether it will make her happier. The narrator of the chapter, clearly a female, seems to have a mixture of characteristics, making it difficult to read her true personality. From the beginning of the chapter, she seems a rather passionate but at the same time innocent figure: ‘my burning cheeks pressed against the impeccable linen of the pillow†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The burning of her cheeks suggests a fast flow of blood, blood now being represented in a different way – for passion and excitement. The impeccable pillow brings forward an image of a white crispy pillow, untouched beforehand, just like a virgin. The two opposites placed together, one on top of the other, juxtaposes passion and innocence which could be interpreted in several ways: both the groom and bride juxtaposed together to form opposites, or the narrator’s character, confusing the audience on purpose. This point makes the narrator unreliable, as we do not particularly understand her real character at this point in the book. And I remember’ – the fact she is using her memory as a point of narration, instead of the present day actions makes her even more unreliable as we cannot trust what she may and may not remember. A journal or another character could have made her story more reliable otherwise. An unreliable narrator is a huge element of gothic literature, and the fact that the female character is the unreliable narrator so far, breaks the boundaries of gothic literature (as only male v illains were described as such before). However the male character in the chapter remains unreliable to the reader. He seems mysterious, and not described in major detail – the only details collated by the reader are the fact he is fairly rich (bought her the wedding dress, as well as a luxurious dress for her mother), rather controlling over his future bride ( the girl abandoned her items in her room – perhaps because he wouldn’t let her bring her possessions with her). The lack of description set by the narrator only leaves the reader to guess to his personality, but it also shows that the girl isn’t particularly excited by her groom, perhaps preferring not to mention or think about him as it may discomfort her. Her mother seems like a matured character, one who developed from the girl who sacrificed her rich background and family for love, but after losing him, fought her way for her and her daughters’ survival. Having seen this change in her, her daughter must have looked up to her – which is where her sensible side comes from (‘I know I want to marry him’ – having to marry the man). This woman doesn’t seem to fit in any context in gothic, apart from when the groom gives her identity in the gothic genre; by gifting her a black dress, which to me symbolises decay and the overlooked, he is showing the girl the person she will one day turn into, therefore degrading the females in that family into white and black, differentiating their characters but also showing the link between them – what the black once was, and what the white shall one day turn into. The male characters described in the chapter – the father and the groom – both seem honourable, either due to civil service or the amount of money they are worth, and are most certainly recognised for it. This is shown by the fathers’ medals of honour and the groom’s availability in having a ‘treasure wife’ or a woman of his choice, who marries him for his money’s worth. Without his money, he wouldn’t particularly have his bride. However, although the women in the chapter do seem honourable in their own way, such as the mother surviving the hardships of poor life without a husband and the daughter making a courageous decision in marrying someone she isn’t in love with for economic purpose (and both trying to overcome a loved man’s death in hard times) – they are not entirely recognised for it. Instead, the young lady could be passed off as rather naive, due to the ecstasy (or exaggeration) of her descriptions, and the woman as having no purpose other than mourn her husband’s death and her daughter’s departure. There is already a difference in the male-female importance and stereotype ratio, making the author already (either purposefully or accidentally) sexist in their work†¦this being another key element of gothic literature. However this could also be counter argued by stating that neither of the characters on the page are named, therefore are still all equals. In conclusion, the opening chapter introduces the characters to a good level of understanding for the audience and throws essential elements of gothic literature (exaggeration, juxtaposing, and sexism, symbolism) to set the mood.

Effects of Death on the Family

Effects of Death on the Family Cadence Matthews To begin, grief and death can be difficult to understand, Fumia said, When it comes to grieving the death of a loved one, there are no linear patterns, no normal reactions, no formulas to follow[K1]. The word grief is derived from the French word grà ¨ve, meaning a heavy burden. Indeed, the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual implications can be overwhelming[K2]. The reality of death effects families from an emotional/physical myriad while also shifting family systems, and impacting spirituality. To start, the emotional and physical effects of death on a family are many and varied. The potential negative effects of grief can be significant. For illustration, research shows that 40% of bereaved people will suffer from some form of anxiety disorder in the first year after the death of a loved one, and there can even be up to a 70% increase in death risk of the surviving spouse within the first six months after the death of their spouse.[1] Overall, understanding the myriad of physical and emotional reactions   is essential. Commonly, those grieving within a family often feel like theyre[K3] going crazy as the emotions of loss are so great and ebb and flow constantly. Bozarth in her book, A Journey Through Grief: Gentle, Specific Help to Get You Through the Most Difficult Stages of Grief writes, while you are grieving, your emotional life may be unpredictable and unstable. You may feel that there are gaps in your remembered experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. You may alternate between depression and euphoria, between wailing rage and passive resignation. If youve experienced loss and are hurting, its reasonable that your responses will be unreasonable.[2] Furthermore[K4], one huge side effect that families face in grief is exhaustion. Research has noted that the griever may even feel as though they have the flu since the exhaustion is so deep. Additionally, families face days of distraction. When a family goes through a loss they often lose the most basic life skills[K5], such as organization or accomplishment at least for a while. It must be noted that grief has no schedule. It comes in waves, waves none the less[K6]. When grief covers, a family it takes over emotionally and physically with a variety of symptoms such as: sleep difficulties, poor appetite or overeating, shakiness or trembling, listlessness, disorientation, migraines or headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, crying, numbness, shortness of breath, and exhaustion. Some individuals often withdraw from society and people for a while as many emotions surface. Often experiences, or people that once evoked joy evoke nothing at all, activities once enjoyed seem far-off[K7]. While some members of the family turn to impulsive living. The first year can involve a lot of unnecessary risks. Further, grief can make everything feel surreal[K8], as if reality is just a terrible dream. Everything becomes a blur as the idea of time vanishes. Days are measured by: one day after they died, two days after they diedall standard concepts fade away[K9].[ 3] Helen Fitzgerald, the writer of, the Mourning Handbook writes, During this initial period of grief, you will feel a numbness and a disassociation with the world around you. People who are going through this often tell me that they feel as if they are watching a play in which they are but spectators. [4][K10] Secondly, another huge area that can affect families as they grieve is spirituality. There are many spiritual effects and struggles within a family after facing a death. To start, people vary in their response to death as they differ in how they cope with stress in general. Some people experience a very positive religious[K11] coping[K12] a conceptualization by Pargament, Smith, Koenig, and Perez. They articulate it as such, an expression of a sense of spirituality, a secure relationship with God, a belief that there is meaning to be found in life, and a sense of spiritual connectedness with others. Yet[K13] on the other side of things there can be negative coping which the same individuals describe it as, spiritual discontent, punishing God reappraisals, interpersonal religious discontent, demonic reappraisals (attributing the event to the work of the devil), and reappraisals of Gods power. Religious[K14] coping can help or not help when adapting to loss, it varies between individua ls. The positive side of things could be that the griever finds meaning in the loss and surrenders the feelings of being out of control, learning to depend on Gods comfort presence, and the fellowship of other believers while grieving. This can lead to a grievers transformation and hope in the midst of deep pain. It has even been proven that spiritual coping has helped with chronic illness. The four core dimensions of spiritual[K15] needs are connection, peace, meaning/purpose, and transcendence, which help recovery for ill people as well as when coping with a death in the family. Also, when a mourner has a spiritual community around this can help with bereavement outcomes. Yet[K16], as much as a spirituality can be a source of strength it can also be a source of strain. A two-year longitudinal study was done on a crisis of faith. In elderly patients[K17], those who had a crisis of faith were much closer to death[K18], even when all other variables were controlled. Spirituality is n ot always helpful in terms of adjusting to losses. Even more so, loss can sometimes foster spiritual distress this is seen in things like anger towards God, or an inability to believe in the sovereignty of God, especially when the death is gruesome. These things are bad[K19], but if one does not move from these mindsets, it will destroy them spirituality. Those who have suffered terrible violence[K20], such as a death through homicide, they are much more likely to have extreme unrelenting anger towards God. This can lead to a very sad and tainted view of God of [K21]the griever never moves from this. For some people begin to believe that God has arranged the death of their loved one. Although, spiritual distress in grief is found worse for those with complicated grief. An example of negative spiritual coping shows up in a young boys distressed response, I dont really care now about sinning It doesnt matter to me as much since (my brothers death). I guess it is my way of getting back at God. All in all, we cannot ignore the link between crisis of faith and overall poor grief outcomes.[5] Another huge reality that families face in losing a loved one within the family is the shifting of the family system and its dynamics.The loss of someone within the family unit creates a structural void that requires adjustment. Norna Bowlby-West the author of a helpful article on the journey of family therapy called, the Impact of Death on the Family System suggests that family member may be stuck in one of these three phases of grieving, which contributes to the homeostatic utilization of one or more of these adjustments. When the common homeostatic adjustments of the family system shift often the individuals have no awareness of this change and are often like victims in the process of adjustment. The change can destroy existing relationships and personal effectiveness. An example of this is when a sibling tries to become a parent to their sibling to which they have both lost a parent. West in her article goes over twelve common hemostatic adjustments that can take place within a f amily. First is the anniversary reactions which can be things like: anniversary of death date, their birthday, date of marriage, or traditional holidays (Christmas, Thanksgiving). These times are stressful and can sometimes reinforce unresolved if grief work in the family has not occurred. For example, if a baby brother died on another brothers birthday, leaving the one brother an only child, from[K22] then on that child may never view a birthday as a celebratory thing and only feel depressed on that day. In this case, the effect on the sibling who was left an only child, was lack of self- esteem and the withdrawal of parental affection and attention. The family structure was maintained, as though the dead child was still present physically. Another adjustment is displacement of feelings which can be a mix of: bottled up grief, projections of anger on doctors, nurses, hospitals, care givers, or family members, projection of guilt (may feel need to punish oneself or others), helpless ness, paranoia, or feelings of shame or embarrassment especially with suicide. The scape goat in the family often is found with displaced feelings. Another adjustment is enmeshment which can be: the fear of more loss-overprotective behaviour[K23], increased closeness- tightening of family boundary, expectation that other family members are experiencing the same grief, lack of privacy/space. For example, if a child within the family committed suicide the parents might cope by not letting their kids be alone ever[K24]. When a family member dies, there is an unspoken tightening of the family boundary and in an increased dependency on those whoare left to fill the void. Another adjustment is family secrets some examples of this are: intentionally not talking about the death, not expressing emotions/pain, seeing the death as a punishment for past sin, or experiencing a deep sense of failure when the subject[K25] is mentioned (not living up the legacy of the person who has passed). Anothe r adjustment is the reality of generation gap[K26], for example: extended family (ex. Grandparents[K27]) may need to grieve more openly, or bereaved spouse or parent may not be able to get support from other generation, or over parenting can cause more harm, or one grieving may need more nurturing. For example, the death of a child usually entangles the extended family of at least three generations who might all need different things. Additionally, another element to adjustment and the shift of roles is seen in idealization. For example, if a member is unable to let go of attachment the person who has passed and puts them on a pedestal. Further, siblings may feel like they have to compete with the idealized image of the sibling who has passed on. This can cause kids to always feel like they need to fight for their parents approval. Another example of this would be that a dead husband or wife is idealized to the point were no other relationship is able to compete which can leave the individual always stuck in the past. Evermore so, sometimes ones personal identity becomes frozen in the strong attachment to the dead person and they try to let nothing of their new normal change. This can be seen in someone not being willing to get rid of the deceased belongings or not allowing for any change. Some parents as a way of coping with losing a child are much stricter on their remaining kids. This can lead some parents to reinforce infantile behaviour[K28] and prevent their kids from risk taking and such. This stress of infantile behaviour[K29] often takes place because the parents fear their surviving children may hurt themselves and in tail overprotect them[K30]. Another element of [K31] adjustment is some grievers face obsessive paranoia. They may focus on death, reliving experience and always dwelling on the negative experiences. This also includes a strong fear about death that is projected onto others. This can also involve high expectations, self-destructive thoughts, and self-punishing. For those who face this, the focusing on death this prevents the griever from normal communication. The fear of death and response to that fear can become a homeostatic device of the family. Obsessive paranoia if serious enough has led to many cases of suicide or violence. When grieving sometimes family members try to replace the missing person which really affects[K32] the family structure. Some parents may adopt, re-marry, or get pregnant. But replacement can sometimes only damage the replacement as the aborted grief still remains. To end, there is still a lot more to say about the ways families shift in structure in grief[K33], but this at least scratches some of surface.[6] To conclude, as seen grief is multifaceted, and complex. Grief affects every part of a being emotionally, physically and spirituality, and as each individual is effected a whole family dynamic is affected. Bibliography Bozarth, Alla Renee. 1st ed. Hazelden Publishing, 1994[K35]. Bowlby-West, Lorna. The Impact Of Death On The Family System. Journal of Family Therapy 5, no. 3 (1983): 279-294. Burke, Laurie, and Robert Neimeyer. Spiritual Distress In Bereavement: Evolution Of A Research Program. Religions 5, no. 4 (2014): 1087-1115. http://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions. Fitzgerald, Helen. The Mourning Handbook. 1st ed. New York: Simon Schuster, 1995. Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, MD. Grief: Loss Of A Loved One Symptoms, Treatment, Causes What Is Mourning? Medicinenet. Medicinenet. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 13, 2017. http://www.medicinenet.com/loss_grief_and_bereavement/page2.htm. The Physical And Emotional Effects Of Grief. Funeralplan.Com. Last modified 2017. Accessed March 15, 2017. http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [1] MD Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, Grief: Loss Of A Loved One Symptoms, Treatment, Causes What Is Mourning? Medicinenet, Medicinenet, last modified 2017, accessed March 13, 2017, http://www.medicinenet.com/loss_grief_and_bereavement/page2.htm. [2] Alla Renee Bozarth, 1st ed. (Hazelden Publishing, 1994). [3] The Physical And Emotional Effects Of Grief, Funeralplan.Com, last modified 2017, accessed March 15, 2017, http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [4] Helen Fitzgerald, The Mourning Handbook, 1st ed. (New York: Simon Schuster, 1995). [5] Laurie Burke and Robert Neimeyer, Spiritual Distress In Bereavement: Evolution Of A Research Program, Religions 5, no. 4 (2014): 1087-1115, http://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions. [6] Lorna Bowlby-West, The Impact Of Death On The Family System, Journal of Family Therapy 5, no. 3 (1983): 279-294. [K1]Who is Fumia?   Where does this quote come from no referencing. [K2]Is this still part of the first quote   Appears to come from this site but not referenced http://www.focusonthefamily.com/lifechallenges/emotional-health/coping-with-death-and-grief/understanding-the-grieving-process   Fumia says it well. When it comes to grieving the death of a loved one, there are no linear patterns, no normal reactions, no formulas to follow. The word grief is derived from the French word grà ¨ve, meaning a heavy burden. Indeed, the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual implications can be overwhelming. [K3]Avoid contractions in formal writing [K4]Quote appears to come from a website rather than the book itself since the breaks in the quote are identical. http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html.   Should quote this as the source then. You have it listed as a source in the Bibliography but do not refer to it here so that is improper. [K5]comma [K6]poor sentence [K7]poor sentence [K8]comma [K9]this quote is also found on this site: http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [K10]And this one: http://www.funeralplan.com/griefsupport/griefsteps.html. [K11]Sentence is fragmented [K12]Verb confusion [K13]Where did you find this quote No footnote. [K14]Another quote with no footnote.   Oxford textbook of spirituality in healthcare [K15]Seems like this would need a reference as well. Very specific, not common knowledge [K16]comma [K17]comma [K18]comma [K19]comma [K20]comma [K21]awkward [K22]makes it a complete sentence [K23]spelling [K24]this example came from the article needs referencing [K25]added the [K26]comma [K27]capital letter needed [K28]spelling [K29]spelling [K30]Is there supporting material that can be referenced to back this up? [K31]word use [K32]word use [K33]comma [K34]word use [K35]Missing title of Book